Notes-I(Literature)

Adventure novel:
Examples:
H. Rider Haggard, King Solomon's Mines
Baroness Orczy, The Scarlet Pimpernel
Alexandre Dumas, The Three Musketeers
Alexandre Dumas, The Count of Monte Cristo

Allegory:Kinaye.Bir öykü, bir düşünce ya da kavramın figüratif bir simge hâlinde betimlenişidir.
Examples:
Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene
John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress
Dante, The Divine Comedy
William Golding, Lord of the Flies (allegorical novel)
Herman Melville, Moby Dick (allegorical novel)
George Orwell, Animal Farm (allegorical novel)

Apologue : Ahlâki hikâye, içinden kıssadan hisse çıkarılan hikâye; alegori
Examples:
George Orwell, Animal Farm
Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book

Autobiographical novel.
Examples:
James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel

Blank Verse. Unrhymed iambic pentameter. Shakespeare's plays are largely blank verse, as are other Renaissance plays. Blank verse was the most popular in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England.
Examples:
John Milton, Paradise Lost (1667)
John Dryden, All for Love
James Thompson, The Seasons

Burlesque:Hicvederek güldüren,Vodvil [tiy.], taşlama, yerme, alaylı taklit
Examples:
John Gay, The Beggar's Opera
Henry Fielding, Tom Thumb the Great
Alexander Pope, The Rape of the Lock

Caesura:Durak, durgu, duraklanacak yer, müzik biterken armonik zincirlemeler bütünü

Children's novel:
Examples:
Mark Twain, Tom Sawyer
L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables
Booth Tarkington, Penrod and Sam

Coming-of-age story:Ergenlik,büyüme,reşit olma sirecine ilişkin hikayeler
Özellikleri:ignorance to knowledge*innocence to experience*false view of world to correct view*idealism to realism*immature responses to mature responses
Examples:
Jane Austen Northanger Abbey
Charles Dickens, Great Expectations
Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage

Dystopian novel. An anti-utopian novel
Examples:
George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four
Aldous Huxley, Brave New World

End-stopped line:Bir noktalam işaretiyle biten mısra.
Example:
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun.
Coral is far more red than her lips red.

Enjambed:Bir dizeden diğŸerine bir düşŸüncenin devam etmesi
Example:
Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds
Or bends with the remover to remove. . . . --Shakespeare

Epic:Epope, destan, destan tarzı oyun
Examples:
Homer, Iliad
Homer, Odyssey
Virgil, Aeneid
Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered
Milton, Paradise Lost

Epistolary novel:Mektuplardan meydana gelmiş (roman)
Examples:
Samuel Richardson, Pamela
Samuel Richardson, Clarissa

Euphemism: Kaba veya ağır bir söz yerine aynı anlamı veren daha hafif bir
Example: "pass away" instead of "die."

Existentialist novel. VaroluşŸA ilişŸkin, mevcudiyetle alakalı; varoluşŸçuluğŸa (20'nci yüzyıl felsefe akımı) ilişkin
Example:
Albert Camus, The Stranger

Iambic pentameter:beşi vurgulu, beşi vurgusuz 10 heceden oluşan dizelerde kullanılan ölçüye verilen ad. shakespeare tarafından bulunmasa da onun tarafından meşhur edilmiştir.

Examples:
John Keats-Ode to autumn
From Hamlet
to swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
/ - / - / - / - / -
to be or not to be that is the question
/ - / - / - / - / -

Gothic novel:
Examples:
Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto
Mary Shelley, Frankenstein

Heroic Couplet. Two lines of rhyming iambic pentameter.
Example:
 u    /    u   /     u   /  u      /    u    /
 'Tis hard to say, if greater want of skill
 u  /      u  /   u   /  u  /   u    /
 Appear in writing or in judging ill. . . .
Alexander Pope

Mock Epic:Destansı taşlama
Examples:
Alexander Pope, The Dunciad
Alexander Pope, Rape of the Lock

Pseudonym. A "false name" or alias used by a writer desiring not to use his or her real name
Examples:
Samuel Clemens used the name Mark Twain
Mary Ann Evans used the name George Eliot
Jonathan Swift used the name Lemuel Gulliver (once)

Roman a clef:"novel with a key,"  A novel in which historical events and actual people are written about under the pretense of being fiction.
Example: Ernest Hemingway, The Sun Also Rises

Romance: An extended fictional prose narrative about improbable events involving characters that are quite different from ordinary people.
Example:
Sir Philip Sidney, The Arcadia

Sarcasm:Dokundurma, iğneleme, dokunaklı alay, gizli alay

Serquel:Birbirinin takibi olan eserler.
Examples:
Mark Twain, Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Mark Twain, Tom Sawyer Abroad
Mark Twain, Tom Sawyer Detective

Sonnet:14 mısralık şiir
Examples:
The Petrarchan Sonnet-The Shakespearean Sonnet

Travesty:Özü değiştirmeden biçimini değiştirip gülünç yapan yazın türü. Bunun için çoğu kez tanınmış konular ele alınmıştır; örnekler, çokça güldürür

Utopian novel: A novel that presents an ideal society where the problems of poverty, greed, crime, and so forth have been eliminated.
Example:Thomas More, Utopia

Versification:Nazım
Monometer: 1 foot-Dimeter: 2 feet-Trimeter: 3 feet-Tetrameter: 4 feet-Pentameter: 5 feet-Hexameter: 6 feet-Heptameter: 7 feet-Octameter: 8 feet-Nonameter: 9 feet
The most common verse in English poetry is iambic pentameter. See foot for more information.